home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- ⌠
- Planning Paper I
- Toward Informed Decision-Making On Retirement
- Policy: A Portfolio Of Studies Related To The Retirement Decision
- pages 17-18
-
- III. METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES AND SUBSTANTIVE APPLICATIONS
- ⌡
-
- The goals emerging from this portfolio (see p. 6-7) are ambitious
- ones: to improve forecasts of retirement and related trends, and
- to evaluate options for influnecing when people choose to retire.
- But what problems need to be solved to improve forecasts, and
- what options should be evaluated? This section considers these
- two questions. In addition, it can be applied to help resolve
- issues in each of the four substantive areas corresponding to
- federal objectives for the retired elderly.
-
- ⌠
- Forecasting the Retirement Decision: What Problems Should Be
- Addressed?
- ⌡
-
- In our review of the literature on retirement, we identified over
- 50 factors that appear to influence the retirement decision.
- These factors can be organized into three categories. The first
- consists of government programs such as social security, the
- personal income tax, and various regulations governing employer
- practices. The second category is comprised of individual-level
- factors, such as demographic and family-related characteristics,
- private pension coverage and other financial matters, health, and
- attitudes toward work and retirement. Finally, there are factors
- related to the employer and the market place, such as the
- employer's size and industry, type of pension plan provided,
- policies about retaining older workers, and concerns about
- productivity, costs, and upward mobility for younger employees.
- Also included in this last category are macro-economic conditions
- such as inflation and unemployment. Research about the effect of
- these factors on the retirement decision is summarized in
- Appendix B.
-
- What is the importance of these factors (and the retirement
- decision in general) in making predictions about retirement
- trends, the needs and status of retirement systems, and the like?
- As described earlier (page 3), the retirement decision figures
- most heavily in long-range forecasts, since these are highly
- sensitive to shifts in the demographic characteristics of the
- population, whereas short-term forecasts, in contrast, are most
- sensitive to economic changes. Long-range forecasting models
- tend to be micro-simulations, while the short-range ones are
- macro-economic or actuarial in nature. (Specif examples of all
- three types of models are provided in Appendix C).
-
- One example of how the factors influencing the retirement
- decision are typically handled in these microeconomic simulations
- is seen in the DYNASIM 2 model developed by the Urban Institute.
- From existing survey data (in this case, the Longitudinal
- Retirement History Survey), a regression anaalysis is done to
- model the extent to which factors such as demographic
- characteristics, health, and financial status have affected
- current retirement decisions. This model is then used in
- conjunction with other models which were developed to exlain or
- predict employment patterns, occupational and demographic
- changes, and pension coverage and benefits. The final set of
- models, DYNASIM, is then applied to a new sample of individuals
- to forecast interatively annual changes, such as in the decision
- to withdraw from the labor force.